Magnetic Motor



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No'ModeL) N. TESLA.

ELEGTRO MAGNETIC MOTOR.

Patented Sept. 22,1891.

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No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sl1eet 2.

N. TESLA.

ELEOTRO MAGNETIC MOTOR. No. 459,772. Patented Sept. 22,1891,

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J I W W'tnflnr: In den 207' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

NIKOLA TESLA, OF NE\V YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE TESLA ELECTRIC COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

ELECTRO-MAGNETIC MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 459,772, dated September 22, 1891.

Application filed April 6, 1889. Serial No. 306,165. (No model.) I

To aZZ whom it may concern.- with a current of a very high number of al- Be it known that I, NIKOLA TESLA, a subternations the motor may not respond propject of the Emperorof Austria, from Smiljan, erly. To avoid this objection and to start up w Lika, border country of Austria-Hungary, rea synchronizing motor in which these condi- 5 siding at- New York, in the county and State tions obtain is the object of my present inof New York, have invented certain new and vention. I have therefore combined two 1nouseful Improvements in Electro-Magnetic tors, one a synchronizing motor, the other a Motors, of which the following is a specificamultiple-circuit or torque motor, and by the tion, reference being had to the drawings aclatter I bring the first named up to speed, IO companying and forming a part of the same. and then either throw the whole current into As is well known, certain forms of alternatthe synchronizing motor or operate jointly ing-current machineshave the property, when both of the motors. connected in circuit with an alternating-cur- This invention involves several novel and rent generator, of running as a motor in synuseful features. It will be observed, in the 6g I 5 chronism therewith; but while the alternating first place, that both motors are run without current will run the motor after it has atcommutators of any kind, and, secondly, that tained a rate of speed synchronous with that the speed of the torque mot-or may be higher of the generator it will not start it. Hence in than that of the synchronizing motor, as will all instances heretofore when these synchrobe the case when it contains a fewer number 2o nizing motors, as they are termed, have been of poles or sets of poles, so that the motor will run, some means have been adopted to bring be more readilyand easily brought up to speed. the motors up to synchronism with the gen- Thirdly, the synchronizing motor may be conerator, or approximately so, before the alterstructed so as to havea much morepronounced nating current of the generator is applied to tendency to synchronism without lessening 7 5 25 drive them. the facility with which it is started.

In an application filed February 18, 1889, In the drawings I have illustrated the in- Serial No. 300,220, Ihave shown and described vention. an improved system of operating this class Figurel is a part sectional View of the two of motors, which consists, broadly, in windmotors; Fig. 2,an end view of the synchronizo ing or arranging the motor in such manner ing motor; Fig. 3, an end view and part seethat by means of suitable switches it could tion of the torque or double-circuit motor; be started as a multiple-circuit motor, or one Fig. I, a diagram of the circuit connections operating by a progression of its magnetic employed; and Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 are diapoles, and then, when up to speed, or nearly grams of modified dispositions of the two mo- 3 5 so, converted into an ordinary synchronizing tors.

motor, or one in which the magnetic poles Inasmuch as neither motor is doing any were simply alternated. In some cases, as work while the current is acting upon the when a large motor is used and when the other,I prefer torigidly connect the two arinanumber of alternations is very high, there is tures. I therefore mount both upon the same 40 more or less difficulty in bringing the motor shaft A, the field-magnets 13 of the synchroto speed as a double or multiple-circuit monizing andOof the torque motorbeingsecured tor, for the plan of construction which renders to the same base D. The preferably larger the motor best adapted to run as a synchrosynchronizing motor has polar projections on nizing motor impairs its eificiency as a torque its armature, which rotate in very close prox- 9 5 45 or double-circuit motor under the assumed imity to the poles of the field, and in other conditions 011 the start. This will be readily respects it conforms to the conditions, now understood, for in a large synchronizing mowell understood, that are necessary to secure tor the length of the magnetic circuit of the posynchronous action. I prefer, however, to larprojectionsandtheirmassare so greatthat wind the pole-pieces of the armature vith I00 50 apparently considerable time is required for closed coils E, as this obviates the employmagnetization and demagnetization. Hence ment of sliding contacts. The smaller or torque motor, on the other hand, has, preferably, a cylindrical armature F, without polar projections and wound with closed coils G, as I have described in my previous patents, 5 notably No. 382,279, dated May 1,1888. The field-coils of the torque motor are connected up in two series H and I, and the alternating current from the generator is directed through or divid d between these two circuits in any manner to produce a progression of the poles or points of maximum magnetic effect. I secure this result in a convenient way by connecting the two motor-circuits in derivation with the circuit from the generator, ini5 serting in one motor-circuit a dead resistance and in the otherasel'f-induction coil, by which means a difference in phase between the two divisions of the current is secured. If both motors have the same number of field- 2o poles, the torque motor for a given number of alternations will tend to run at double the speed of the other, for, assuming the connections to be such as to give thebestresults, its poles are divided into two series and the number of poles is virtually reduced one-half, which being acted upon by the same number of alternations tend to rotate the armature at twice the speed. By this means the main armature is more easily brought to or above the required speed. When the speed necessary for synchronism is imparted to the main motor, the current is shifted from the torque motor into the other.

A convenient arrangement for carrying out 5 this invention is shown in Fig. 4C. In said figure J J are the field-coils of the sychronizing, and II I the field-coils of the torque, motor. L L are the conductors of the main line. One end of, say, coils II is connected to wire L through a self-induction coil M. One end of the other set of coils I is connected to the same wire through a dead resistance N. The opposite ends of these two circuits are connected to the contact on of a switch the 1,5 handle or lever of which is in connection with the line-wire L. One end of the field-circuit of the synchronizing motor is connected to the wire L. The otherterminatesin the switchcontact '12. From the diagram it will be readily seen that if the lever P be turned onto contact m the torque motor will start by reason of the difference of phase between the currents in its two energizing-circuits. Then when the desired speed is attained if the lever P be shifted onto contact a the entire current will pass through the field-coils of the synchronizing motor and the other will be doing nowork.

The torque motor may be constructed and operated in various ways, many of which I have described in other applications; but I do not deem it necessary in illustration of the principle of construction and mode of operation of my presentinvention to describe these further herein. It is not necessary that one motor be cut out of circuit while the other is in, for both may be acted upon by the our rent at the same time, and I have devised various dispositions or arrangements of the two motors for accomplishing this. Some of these arrangements are illustrated in Figs. 5 to 9.

Referring to Fig. 5, let T designate the torque or multiple-circuit motor and S the synchronizing motor, L L being the line-wires from a source of alternating current. The two circuits of the torque motor of different degrees of self-induction, and designated by NM, are connected in derivation to the wire L. They are then joined and connected to the energizing-circuit of the synchronizing motor, the opposite terminal of which is connected to wire L. The two motors are thus in series. To start them I short-circuit the synchronizing motor by a switch P, throwing the whole current through the torque motor. Then when the desired speed is reached the switch P is opened, so that the current passes through both motors. In such an arrangement as this it is obviously desirable for economical and other reasons that a proper relation between the speeds of the two motors should be observed.

In Fig. 6 another disposition is illustrated. S is the synchronizing motor and T the torque motor, the circuits of both being in parallel. IV is a circuit also in derivation to the motorcircuits and containing a switch P. S is a switch in the synchronizing-motor circuit. On the start the switch S is opened, cutting out the motor S. Then P is opened, throwing the entire current through the motor T, giving it a very strong torque. \Vhen the desired speed is reached, switch S is closed and the current divides between both motors. By means of switch P both motors may be cut out.

In Fig. 7 the arrangement is substantially the same, except that a switch T is placed in the circuit which includes the two circuits of the torque motor.

Fig. 8 shows the two motors in series, with a shunt around both containing a switch S T. There is also a shunt around the synchronizing motor S, with a switch P.

In Fig. 9 the same disposition is shown; 1 r5 but each motor is provided with a shunt, in which are switches P and T, as shown.

The manner of operating the systems will be understood from the foregoing descriptions.

I do not claim herein the torque motor nor any part thereof, except in so far as they e11- ter into the combination which forms the sub jectof this application, for I have made the distinguishing features of said motor the subr25 ject of other applications.

That I now claim is- 1. An alternating-current non-synchronizing electric motor coupled with a synchronizing alternating-current motor, substantially as set forth, whereby the former starts the latter and throws it into synchronism with its actuating-current, and switch mechanism for directing the current through either or both of the motors, as set forth.

2. The combination of two motors the armatures of which are mounted upon the same shaft, one of said motors being an alternatingcurrent torque motor, or one in which the magnetic points or poles are progressively shifted by the action of the energizing-current, the other motor being an alternatingcurrentsynchronizingmotor,andswitchmechanism for directing the current through either or both of said motors, as set forth.

3. The combination, with an alternatingcurrent synchronizing motor having one energizing-field, of an alternatingcurrent torque motor having a plurality of energizing-circuits and adapted to be operated by currents differing in phase, and a switch for directing the alternating current or currents through the several circuits of one motor or the single circuit of the other, as and for the purpose set forth.

4. The combination, with an alternatingcurrent motor having field-cores wound with coils adapted to be connected to a source of alternating currents and an armature wound with induced coils closed upon themselves, of

a starting device for bringing said motor into SYIlGlllOIliSlll with the generator with which it is connected.

5. The combinatiom'with an alternatingcurrent motor composed of a multipolar alternating field-magnet, and an armature having poles wound with coils closed upon themselves, of a starting device, as set forth.

(3. In an alternating-current motor, the combination of a field-magnet having poles wound with coils adapted when connected with a source of alternating current to produce simultaneously opposite magnetic polarities and an armature provided with poles or projections and wound with coils connected in a continuously-closed unconnected circuit, as set forth.

7. The herein-described mcthodof operating alternating-current motors, which consists in actuating a motor by an alternating current to bring a second alternating-current motor up to synchronizing speed relative to the actuating-current and then switching the synchronizing motor into circuit.

NIKOLA TESLA.

WVitnesses:

GEORGE N. MoNRo, EDWARD T. EVANS. 

